Table of Contents: Preface. 1. Programming Languages as Software Tools. Evaluating Programming Languages.
Background Material on Programming Languages.
Variables, Data Types, Literals, and Expressions.
Control Constructs.
Procedures and Parameter Passing.
Block Structure.
Runtime Store Organization.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Exception Handling.
Coroutines.
Coroutines in Simula.
Coroutines in CLU.
Embedding CLU Iterators in C.
Coroutines in Icon.
Continuations: Io.
Power Loops.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Dynamic-Typed Languages.
Strong Typing.
Type Equivalence.
Dimensions.
Abstract Data Types.
Labels, Procedures, and Types as First-Class Values.
ML.
Expressions.
Global Declarations.
Local Declarations.
Lists.
Functions and Patterns.
Polymorphic Types.
Type Inference.
Higher-Order Functions.
ML Types.
Constructed Types.
Miranda.
Russell.
Dynamic Typing in Statically Typed Languages.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
LISP.
Function Syntax.
Forms.
Programmer-Defined Functions.
Scope Rules.
Programming.
Closures and Deep Binding.
Identifier Lookup.
The Kernel of a LISP Interpreter.
Run-time List Evaluation.
Lazy Evaluation.
Speculative Evaluation.
Strengths and Weaknesses of LISP.
FP.
Definition of an FP Environment.
Reduction Semantics.
Persistence in Functional Languages.
Limitations of Functional Languages.
Lambda Calculus.
Exercises.
Definitions.
A Short Example.
Simula.
Smalltalk.
Assignment and Messages.
Blocks.
Classes and Methods.
Superclasses and Subclasses.
Implementation of Smalltalk.
Subtle Features.
C++.
The Consequences of Static Binding.
Sample Classes.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Dataflow Computers.
Val.
Sisal.
Post.
Data Types.
Programs.
Synchrony Control.
Guardians.
Speculative Computation.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Starting Multiple Threads.
Cooperation by Means of Shared Variables.
Join.
Semaphores.
Mutexes.
Conditional Critical Regions.
Monitors.
Crowd Monitors.
Event Counts and Sequencers.
Barriers.
Performance Issues.
Transactions: Argus.
Cooperation by Procedure Call.
Rendezvous.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC).
Remote Evaluation (REV).
Cooperation by Messages.
CSP.
Lynx.
Linda.
SR.
Object-Oriented Programming.
Data-Parallel Programming.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Prolog.
Terms, Predicates, and Queries.
Separating Logic and Control.
Axiomatic Data Types.
List Processing.
Difference Lists.
Arithmetic.
Termination Issues.
Resolution Proof Techniques.
Control Aspects.
1An Example of Control Programming.
1Negation.
1Other Evaluation Orders.
1Constraint-Logic Programming (CLP).
1Metaprogramming.
Go .. del.
Program Structure.
Types.
Logic Programming.
Conditionals.
Control.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Strings.
Literals and Simple Operations.
Representation.
Pattern Matching.
Associative Arrays.
Substrings as First-Class Values.
SNOBOL.
Icon.
Homoiconic Use of Strings: Tcl.
Arrays: APL.
Operators and Meta-operators.
An APL Evaluator.
Incremental Evaluation.
Database Languages.
Data Types.
Control Structures.
Modifying Data.
SQL.
Symbolic Mathematics.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
Syntax.
Axiomatic Semantics.
Axioms.
A Simple Proof.
Weakest Preconditions.
Denotational Semantics.
Domain Definitions.
Product Domains.
Disjoint-Union Domains.
Function Domains.
Domain Equations.
Nonrecursive Definitions.
Recursive Definitions.
Expressions.
Identifiers.
Environments.
Variables.
Conditional and Iterative Statements.
Procedures.
Functions.
Recursive Routines.
Modeddng Memory and Files.
Blocks and Scoping.
Parameters.
Continuations.
Statement Continuations.
Declaration Continuations.
Procedures, Functions, and Parameters.
Flow of Control.
Summary of Syntactic and Semantic Domains and Semantic Functions.
Final Comments.
Exercises.
