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Table of Contents:

	Foreword	xiii
	Preface	xv
I.	The awk Language and gawk	1
1.	Getting Started with awk	3
	How to Run awk Programs	4
	Datafiles for the Examples	10
	Some Simple Examples	11
	An Example with Two Rules	13
	A More Complex Example	14
	awk Statements Versus Lines	15
	Other Features of AWK	17
	When to Use AWK	17
2.	Regular Expressions	19
	How to Use Regular Expressions	19
	Escape Sequences	21
	Regular Expression Operators	23
	Using Character Lists	26
	gawk-Specific Regexp Operators	28
	Case Sensitivity in Matching	29
	How Much Text Matches?	31
	Using Dynamic Regexps	31
3.	Reading Input Files	33
	How Input Is Split into Records	33
	Examining Fields	36
	Non-constant Field Numbers	38
	Changing the Contents of a Field	39
	Specifying How Fields Are Separated	41
	Reading Fixed-Width Data	46
	Multiple-Line Records	48
	Explicit Input with getline	51
4.	Printing Output	58
	The print Statement	58
	Examples of print Statements	59
	Output Separators	60
	Controlling Numeric Output with print	61
	Using printf Statements for Fancier Printing	62
	Redirecting Output of print and printf	68
	Special Filenames in gawk	70
	Closing Input and Output Redirections	74
5.	Expressions	78
	Constant Expressions	79
	Using Regular Expression Constants	81
	Variables	82
	Conversion of Strings and Numbers	84
	Arithmetic Operators	85
	String Concatenation	87
	Assignment Expressions	88
	Increment and Decrement Operators	92
	True and False in awk	93
	Variable Typing and Comparison Expressions	94
	Boolean Expressions	97
	Conditional Expressions	99
	Function Calls	99
	Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest)	101
6.	Patterns, Actions, and Variables	103
	Pattern Elements	103
	Using Shell Variables in Programs	109
	Actions	110
	Control Statements in Actions	111
	Built-in Variables	120
7.	Arrays in AWK	129
	Introduction to Arrays	130
	Referring to an Array Element	132
	Assigning Array Elements	133
	Basic Array Example	133
	Scanning All Elements of an Array	134
	The delete Statement	135
	Using Numbers to Subscript Arrays	136
	Using Uninitialized Variables as Subscripts	137
	Multidimensional Arrays	138
	Scanning Multidimensional Arrays	139
	Sorting Array Values and Indices with gawk	140
8.	Functions	142
	Built-in Functions	142
	User-Defined Functions	166
9.	Internationalization with GAWK	174
	Internationalization and Localization	174
	GNU gettext	175
	Internationalizing awk Programs	177
	Translating AWK Programs	179
	A Simple Internationalization Example	182
	GAWK Can Speak Your Language	183
10.	Advanced Features of gawk	185
	Allowing Nondecimal Input Data	185
	Two-Way Communications with Another Process	186
	Using gawk for Network Programming	188
	Using gawk with BSD Portals	189
	Profiling Your AWK Programs	190
11.	Running awk and GAWK	194
	Invoking AWK	194
	Command-Line Options	195
	Other Command-Line Arguments	200
	The AWKPATH Environment Variable	201
	Obsolete Options and/or Features	202
	Known Bugs in GAWK	203
II.	Using awk and GAWK	205
12.	A Library of awk Functions	207
	Naming Library Function Global Variables	208
	General Programming	210
	Datafile Management	218
	Processing Command-Line Options	222
	Reading the User Database	228
	Reading the Group Database	232
13.	Practical awk Programs	237
	Running the Example Programs	237
	Reinventing Wheels for Fun and Profit	238
	A Grab Bag of awk Programs	259
14.	Internetworking with GAWK	281
	Networking with GAWK	281
	Some Applications and Techniques	305
	Related Links	323
III.	Appendixes	325
A.	The Evolution of the AWK Language	327
B.	Installing GAWK	337
C.	Implementation Notes	350
D.	Basic Programming Concepts	367
E.	GNU General Public License	374
F.	GNU Free Documentation License	382
	Glossary	391
	Index	403