With this unique approach, TCP/IP Illustrated presents the structure and function of TCP/IP from the link layer up through the network, transport, and application layers. You will learn about the protocols that belong to each of these layers and how they operate under numerous implementations, including Sun OS 4.1.3, Solaris 2.2, System V Release 4, BSD/386TM, AIX 3.2.2, and 4.4BSD. In TCP/IP Illustrated you will find the most thorough coverage of TCP available - 8 entire chapters. You will also find coverage of the newest TCP/IP features, including multicasting, path MTU discovery, and long fat pipes.

1: Introduction

Introduction

Layering

TCP/IP Layering

Internet Addresses

The Domain Name System

Encapsulation

Demultiplexing

Client-Server Model

Port Numbers

Standardization Process

RFCs

Standard, Simple Services

The Internet

Implementations

Application Programming Interfaces

Test Network

Summary

2: Link Layer

Introduction

Ethernet and IEEE 802 Encapsulation

Trailer Encapsulation

SLIP: Serial Line IP

Compressed SLIP

PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

Loopback Interface

MTU

Path MTU

Serial Line Throughput Calculations

Summary

3: IP: Internet Protocol

Introduction

IP Header

IP Routing

Subnet Addressing

Subnet Mask

Special Case IP Addresses

A Subnet Example

ifconfig Command

netstat Command

IP Futures

Summary

4: ARP: Address Resolution Protocol

Introduction

An Example

ARP Cache

ARP Packet Format

ARP Examples

Proxy ARP

Gratuitous ARP

arp Command

Summary

5: RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

Introduction

RARP Packet Format

RARP Examples

RARP Server Design

Summary

6: ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol

Introduction

ICMP Message Types

ICMP Address Mask Request and Reply

ICMP Timestamp Request and Reply

ICMP Port Unreachable Error

4.4BSD Processing of ICMP Messages

Summary

7: Ping Program

Introduction

Ping Program

IP Record Route Option

IP Timestamp Option

Summary

8: Traceroute Program

Introduction

Traceroute Program Operation

LAN Output

WAN Output

IP Source Routing Option

Summary

9: IP Routing

Introduction

Routing Principles

ICMP Host and Network Unreachable Errors

To Forward or Not to Forward

ICMP Redirect Errors

ICMP Router Discovery Messages

Summary

10: Dynamic Routing Protocols

Introduction

Dynamic Routing

Unix Routing Daemons

RIP: Routing Information Protocol

RIP Version 2

OSPF: Open Shortest Path First

BGP: Border Gateway Protocol

CIDR: Classless Interdomain Routing

Summary

11: UDP: User Datagram Protocol

Introduction

UDP Header

UDP Checksum

A Simple Example

IP Fragmentation

ICMP Unreachable Error (Fragmentation Required)

Determining the Path MTU Using Traceroute

Path MTU Discovery with UDP

Interaction Between UDP and ARP

Maximum UDP Datagram Size

ICMP Source Quench Error

UDP Server Design

Summary

12: Broadcasting and Multicasting

Introduction

Broadcasting

Broadcasting Examples

Multicasting

Summary

13: IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol

Introduction

IGMP Message

IGMP Protocol

An Example

Summary

14: DNS: The Domain Name System

Introduction

DNS Basics

DNS Message Format

A Simple Example

Pointer Queries

Resource Records

Caching

UDP or TCP

Another Example

Summary

15: TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Introduction

Protocol

An Example

Security

Summary

16: BOOTP: Bootstrap Protocol

Introduction

BOOTP Packet Format

An Example

BOOTP Server Design

BOOTP Through a Router

Vendor-Specific Information

Summary

17: TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

Introduction

TCP Services

TCP Header

Summary

18: TCP Connection Establishment and Termination

Introduction

Connection Establishment and Termination

Timeout of Connection Establishment

Maximum Segment Size

TCP Half-Close

TCP State Transition Diagram

Reset Segments

Simultaneous Open

Simultaneous Close

TCP Options

TCP Server Design

Summary

19: TCP Interactive Data Flow

Introduction

Interactive Input

Delayed Acknowledgments

Nagle Algorithm

Window Size Advertisements

Summary

20: TCP Bulk Data Flow

Introduction

Normal Data Flow

Sliding Windows

Window Size

PUSH Flag

Slow Start

Bulk Data Throughput

Urgent Mode

Summary

21: TCP Timeout and Retransmission

Introduction

Simple Timeout and Retransmission Example

Round-Trip Time Measurement

An RTT Example

Congestion Example

Congestion Avoidance Algorithm

Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery Algorithms

Congestion Example (Continued)

Per-Route Metrics

ICMP Errors

Repacketization

Summary

22: TCP Persist Timer

Introduction

An Example

Silly Window Syndrome

Summary

23: TCP Keepalive Timer

Introduction

Description

Keepalive Examples

Summary

24: TCP Futures and Performance

Introduction

Path MTU Discovery

Long Fat Pipes

Window Scale Option

Timestamp Option

PAWS: Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers

T/TCP: A TCP Extension for Transactions

TCP Performance

Summary

25: SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

Introduction

Protocol

Structure of Management Information

Object Identifiers

Introduction to the Management Information Base

Instance Identification

Simple Examples

Management Information Base (Continued)

Additional Examples

Traps

ASN.1 and BER

SNMP Version 2

Summary

26: Telnet and Rlogin: Remote Login

Introduction

Rlogin Protocol

Rlogin Examples

Telnet Protocol

Telnet Examples

Summary

27: FTP: File Transfer Protocol

Introduction

FTP Protocol

FTP Examples

Summary

28: SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Introduction

SMTP Protocol

SMTP Examples

SMTP Futures

Summary

29: NFS: Network File System

Introduction

Sun Remote Procedure Call

XDR: External Data Representation

Port Mapper

NFS Protocol

NFS Examples

NFS Version 3

Summary

30: Other TCP/IP Applications

Introduction

Finger Protocol

Whois Protocol

Archie, WAIS, Gopher, Veronica, and WWW

X Window System

Summary

Appendix A: The tcpdump Program

BSD Packet Filter

SunOS Network Interface Tap

SVR4 Data Link Provider Interface

tcpdump Output

Security Considerations

Socket Debug Option

Appendix B: Computer Clocks

Appendix C: The sock Program

Appendix D: Solutions to Selected Exercises

Appendix E: Configurable Options

BSD/386 Version 1.0

SunOS 4.1.3

System V Release 4

Solaris 2.2

AIX 3.2.2

4.4BSD

Appendix F: Source Code Availability

Bibliography

Index